It's Official: Bush Administration Authorised Torture

George W. Bush won't use the word. Dick Cheney won't, even in his farewell defence of all the methods of "coercive interrogation" used by US authorities since 11 Setpember 2001. Now, however, a serving official in the US Department of Defense has used it --- without any quote marks.

The US Government tortured detainees.



Speaking to Bob Woodward of The Washington Post, Susan Crawford, the Pentagon's convenor of military commissions, spoke about the treatment of Mohammed al-Qahtani, a Saudi detainee who allegedly aspired to be the "20th hijacker" on 9-11:

We tortured Qahtani.

Last May, Crawford dismissed the charges against al-Qahtani for his role in the attacks. Her reason?

His treatment met the legal definition of torture. And that is why I did not refer the case.

Follow-Up: The Plan to Bring Fatah into Gaza --- Livni Speaks

For those still sceptical of our notion of the "grand design" to topple Hamas and replace it with Fatah....

I just read carefully Israeli Foreign Tzipi Livni's interview in today's Washington Post. Most reports have focused on the headline, "Israel is Not Going to Show Restraint", but the political significance is hidden away in the second half of the interview:

POST: People in Washington are interested in how long the operation will last and what Israel's aim is.

LIVNI: The Annapolis[peace] process is based on the understanding that we are working with a pragmatic leadership in the Palestinian Authority while fighting terror. It is a zero-sum game when Hamas is getting stronger while Abu Mazen is getting weaker. The Palestinians need to understand that Israel can share and implement and translate the vision of two states for two peoples with those that accept this vision, who accept Israel's existence and renounce violence and terrorism. Hamas does not. Hamas does not represent the national aspirations of the Palestinians. It represents extreme Islamic ideas, which they share with Iran, Hezbollah and Syria.



POST: Your goal is to continue the dialogue with the Palestinian Authority but also weaken the extremists?

LIVNI: Yes. . . . We are willing to . . . try and find a peace treaty with the moderates as long [as] at the end of the day, we don't fight a terror state on the other side of the border.

POST: Would you say [Hamas] needs to be removed?

LIVNI: I would say that the Gaza Strip controlled by Hamas is a burden not only to Israel but to the Palestinians themselves.

Gaza: The Mass Killing in Zeitoun

Yesterday we reported the mass killing in Zeitoun, where a house with about 100 members of the al Samouni clan was shelled by Israel. There has been confusion over the initial story, in The Daily Telegraph, of 60 to 70 dead, as medical personnel tried to get back into the area. The Washington Post has an update on the story:

Emergency workers said they rescued 100 more trapped survivors Thursday and found between 40 and 50 corpses in a devastated residential block south of Gaza City that the Israeli military had kept off-limits to the International Committee of the Red Cross for four days.

As there are still injured trapped without food or in the rubble of the house, the death toll is likely to rise.



Israeli soldiers had ordered a number of people into the house and told them not to leave as fighting went on in the area. According to one of the survivors, speaking to the Israeli human rights group B'Tselem, the house was hit by two explosions, the first as three members of the clan were leaving to find other relatives and bring them back. Those fleeing from the attack went to another house where they found Israeli soldiers guarding 30 Palestinians, "several of whom were blindfolded".

If this wasn't tragic enough, there is a disturbing, hanging, uninvestigated sentence in the Post story:

Most [victims] had sustained trauma injuries from shelling, but many had gunshot wounds as well.

Who shot them?

Gaza: The Israel-Fatah Collaboration

This could be the most significant background story of the Gaza crisis. From The Washington Post in May 2007:

Israel this week allowed the Palestinian party Fatah to bring into the Gaza Strip as many as 500 fresh troops trained under a U.S.-coordinated program to counter Hamas, the radical Islamic movement that won Palestinian parliamentary elections last year.

How big was this? So big that even Scott Wilson, the Post reporter, didn't realise the full significance. He writes, "The Bush administration recently approved $40 million to train the Palestinian Presidential Guard, a force of about 4,000 troops under Abbas's direct control." That was only the latest installment of aid, however. Washington had sent millions of dollars in "security assistance" --- funds, equipment, and even US personnel --- to bolster Fatah forces since 2006.

The official line, of course, was that this assistance is to build up a force to take over and maintain security in the West Bank. This has always been accompanied by the objective, however, of ensuring that this force could win a showdown with Hamas. Initially, this was in conjunction with building up a militia in Gaza as an alternative to Hamas --- stories from 2006 pointed to Mohammad Dahlan, then allied with Abbas, as the possible political leader of such a formation. However, when Dahlan departed from view after Fatah forces were defeated in 2007 and Hamas consolidated its control, the issue was whether a Palestinian force could again be brought in "from the outside".

The immediate significance of this is that Mahmoud Abbas, who is in New York today ostensibly to press for a cease-fire, may be playing a double game. On the one hand, he is issuing public statements affirming "Palestinian unity" and condemning Israeli operations. On the other --- given recent history --- he could be manoeuvring with Washington to get regime change in Gaza.

Why revive this possibility now? Tony Blair's calls this morning for a cease-fire to be conditioned on a shutdown of the tunnels from Egypt into Gaza, with a force to monitor that closure, points to a "package" worked out with both Tel Aviv and Cairo. And behind Egypt, Arab countries like Saudi Arabia and Jordan --- while their diplomats go through the motions in the Arab League and at the United Nations --- could support this security and political arrangement to constrict and possibly remove Hamas from power. (It is notable that Syria and Iran have made their own counter-manoeuvres with meetings with Hamas representatives in Damascus.)

The only flaw? It could be the Gazan population. In effect, they would be asked after weeks of bombardment and months of economic restrictions to accept the Palestinian Authority --- whom they dismissed at the polls in 2006 --- as their leadership, not through a democratic process but through a US- and Israel-backed imposition.

If the lesson was learned from 2007, it would be that it is not that easy to re-install "any Palestinian but Hamas" in power in Gaza. But Santayana wrote, he who does not learn from history....

Orwell and Gaza: Turning Psychological Warfare into "Moral Clarity"

Update: An Israeli bomb has killed nine and wounded at least 60 in a mosque in the northern Gaza town of Beit Lahiya. According to CNN, "leaflets signed by the commander of the Israeli military were dropped over northern Gaza on Saturday morning, warning residents to 'leave the area immediately' to ensure their safety".

Charles Krauthammer in The Washington Post:

[The Israel-Gaza conflict] possesses a moral clarity not only rare but excruciating.

Israel is so scrupulous about civilian life that, risking the element of surprise, it contacts enemy noncombatants in advance to warn them of approaching danger.

A reader from Birmingham replies, "This issue of pre-warning Arab 'targets' was an impressive act of propaganda by the Israelis- not actually expected or intended to save lives it has been supplied as effective ammunition for pro-Israeli writers in America."



Let's see. Gaza is one of the most densely populated areas in the world and since movement of Gazans is restricted --- they are in effect trapped in a small strip of land. So as Ayman Moyheldin of Al Jazeera, the only broadcast correspondent inside Gaza, just put it cogently, "Where can they go?" Hamdi Shakura, a human rights lawyer, adds, "Who can tell where the next hit will be? Who can advise people not to take the threats seriously? It's psychological warfare but it's real."

A typical leaflet reads:

To the residents of the Gaza Strip, be responsible for your fate. The rockets launched by terrorists are putting you and your families at risk. For your safety, please keep your call secret. The Israeli army will respond if the rocket fire continues.

If you want to help your families and friends and brothers in the Gaza Strip please call.

But here's a twist. The phone number "appears to be a Jerusalem or Ramallah number", cities which to my knowledge are not in the Gaza Strip.

And