MENA House: Was Egyptian Billionaire Marwan (Suicide? Murdered?) an Israeli Spy?

On 27 June 2007, Ashraf Marwan --- leading industrialist, aide to one Egyptian President, married to the daughter of another --- died, allegedly in a fall from a balcony.

The initial coroner's report stated that Marwan had jumped and committed suicide. However, Mona Abdel Nasser, Marwan’s wife and the daughter of former President Gamal Abdel Nasser, alleged that her husband was killed by Mossad, the Israeli secret service. Nine days before his death, Marawan supposedly told his wife that he felt he was being watched by Mossad agents and could be assassinated at any moment.

Mona Abdel Nasser also claimed that Marawan could not have thrown himself off the balcony, since he suffered from joint problems and struggled in walking, let alone climbing. In addition, Marawan’s shoes were not found at the crime scene, even though he supposedly always wore special support footwear for his condition.

Was Marwan murdered?  If so, why and by whom?

To consider this, let's take a look at the man.

Ashraf Marwan came from a financially stable family, a parallel to the aristocrats of Egypt prior to the 1952 revolution.  His father was one of the highes- ranking officers in the Egyptian military.  Later Ashraf Marawan served as the chief of staff and personal secretary to 'the Pharaoh' President, Anwar Sadat, and married the daughter of former President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

A trusted patriot and a leading industrialist could not betray his motherland. Or could he? 

Allegations of Marwan's allegiance surfaced in September of 2002.  A London-based Israeli historian, Ahron Bregman, published a book claiming that Marwan was Israel's "master spy" in Cairo.

The next year Howard Blum, citing the head of Israeli military intelligence during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, General Eli Zeira, claimed that Marwan had communicated with the Israelis since a meeting in London in 1969.  The Israeli intelligence service, Mossad,would pay Marwan £50,000 each visit. Marwan often met directly with Zvi Zamir, the head of Mossad, and Marwan's conversations were taped and transcribed for the Israeli Prime Minister.

Was Ashraf Marwan an Israeli spy?  Discussing the matter on Al Taba'a il Oola (The FirstPrint), Ahmed el Meslemani argued that the suggestion was ludicrous, pointing to Marwan's financial stability and patriotic background. The Egyptian intelligence services also were far from completely oblivious to Marwan's movements. Even President Hosni Mubarak had openly stated that Marwan was a patriot and trustworthy.

Still, El Meslemani's response runs up against the widespread theme in Egyptian television soap operas and films, based on true stories, that Mossad "sometimes" recruited Egyptian spies: During tsummer school holidays, Egyptian students would travel to Europe to work, earn some money, and gain some experience. During this time that Mossad would target the students and lure them into liaising with them.

Yet those same TV programmes and films, from the famous Abla Kamil'to soaps "Ra'afat il Hagan" and "Harb il Gawasees" (The War Between Secret Agents), put up an alternative story. In some cases, the Egyptian Intelligence services would be aware of the Israeli manoeuvres and use the students as double agents. Encouraging the students to gain the trust of Mossad, Egyptian intelligence would give the students supposedly vital information on topics such as military activity to pass to Mossad, tracking and sometimes deceiving the Israelis.

So Ashraf Marwan, a suicide or murder victim? An Israeli spy or Egyptian double agent?

MENA House: Solving All of Egypt's Problems

Mohammed Amara from Al Masry al Youm has calculated that the Egyptian Government spends an average of 10 million EGP (Egyptian pounds) for every citizen from the momentof their birth to the moment they take their last breath.

Amari calculates that,  if the average age of an Egyptian citizen is 68.5 years, then the government spends (after calculating some figures) an average of 400EGP a day per citizen.

On Al do’ il ahmar (The Red Light), presenter Ahmed el Meslemani added this comment :

There’s a circulating joke in South America that goes something like this:

The US Government gave a country $1 trillion. The President of this State took half the sum, and gave the rest to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Chancellor of the Exchequer then took a quarter of the half a trillion passed on to him, and he further passed the remainder to the Ministry of Affairs. The Ministry of Affairs had a look at what was given and was pleased! He then took the remainder of the total sum leaving nothing for the people.

And so, to the people, he passed on a kind-hearted message, "The US says hello to you."

Meanwhile, the 1999 Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry, Ahmed Zeweil has written in British and Egyptian publications that economic progress in any society can only come about with educational reform. In particular, focusing on the Middle Eastern Region, Dr Zeweil highlights that "'the soft power of modern science, education and economic developments" is essential:

This situation is a timebomb that could be triggered by frustrated youth expressing their despair through national and international violence. Progress in the Middle East is important to the west not only for obtaining natural resources, but also for maintaining an influence in a region that is luring other powers such as China and Russia.

So if every Egyptian citizen receives the 400EGP daily allowance and good quality education, all problems are solved. Or is it really as simple as that?